Handbook of Astrobiology

Part 1. Astrobiology: Definition, scope, and education

1.1 Astrobiology: Definition and scope 1.2 Astrobiology goals: NASA Strategy and European roadmap1.3. Online, classroom and wilderness teaching environments: Reaching astrobiology learners of all ages around the world 1.4 Astrobiology as a medium for science education 1.5 Astrobiology as Origins Story: Education and inspiration across cultures

Part 2. Definition and nature of life

2.1 Definition of life: Multiple perspectives 2.2 A generalized and universalized definition of life applicable to extraterrestrial environments 2.3 Synthetic life and minimal cell 2.4 Communication as the main characteristic of life

Part 3. Origin of life: History, philosophical aspects, and major developments

3.1 Philosophical aspects of the origin-of-life question: Neither by chance nor by design 3.2 Charles Darwin and the Plurality of Worlds: Are we Alone? 3.3 Origins of life: Early history, from Buffon to Oparin 3.4 Think life by studying its origins. A look on the second part of the 20th century

Part 4. Chemical origins of life: Chemicals in the universe and their delivery on the early Earth. Geology and atmosphere on the early Earth.

4.1 Interstellar molecules and their prebiotic potential 4.2 Formation and delivery of complex organic molecules to the Solar System and early Earth 4.3 Organic molecules in meteorites and their astrobiological significance 4.4 Ancient life and crust and mantle evolution 4.5 Atmosphere on early Earth and its evolution as it impacted life

Part 5. Chemical origin of life: Prebiotic chemistry.

5.1 Prebiotic chemistry that led to life 5.2 Prebiotic chemical pathways to RNA and the importance of its compartmentation 5.3 The hydrothermal impact crater-lakes: The crucibles of life's origin 5.4 Prebiotic chemistry in hydrothermal vent systems 5.5 Prebiotic reactions in water, on water, in supercritical water, solventless, and in the solid state 5.6 The origin and amplification of chirality leading to biological homochirality 5.7 Phosphorus in prebiotic chemistry - An update and a note on plausibility 5.8 Phosphorylation on the Early Earth 5.9 Silicon and life

Part 6. RNA and RNA world. Complexity of life's origins.

6.1 Transitions: RNA and ribozymes in the development of life 6.2 Three ways to make an RNA sequence: Steps from chemistry to the RNA world 6.3 Coevolution of RNA and peptides 6.4 Role of ions in RNA folding and function 6.5 The origin of life as an evolutionary process: Representative case studies 6.6 The complexity of life's origins: a physicochemical view

Part 7. Origin of life: Early compartmentalization. Coacervates and protocells

7.1 Oparin's coacervates 7.2 Protocell evolution

Part 8. Origin of life and its diversification. Universal tree of life. Early primitive life on Earth. Fossils of ancient microorganisms. Biomarkers and detection of life.

8.1 The progenote, LUCA, and the root of the cellular tree of life 8.2 Horizontal gene transfer in microbial evolution 8.3 Viruses in the origin of life and its subsequent diversification 8.4 Carl R. Woese and the journey toward a universal tree of life 8.5 Fossils of ancient microorganisms 8.6 Biomarkers and their Raman spectral signatures: An analytical challenge in astrobiology 8.7 Fossilization of bacteria and the implications for the search for early life forms. Biosignatures in astrobiology missions to Mars

Part 9. Life under extreme conditions. Microbes in space.

9.1 Extremophiles and their natural niches on Earth 9.2 Microbes in space 9.3 Virus evolution and ecology. Role of viruses in adaptation of life to extreme environments

Part 10. Habitability: Characteristics of habitable planets.

10.1 The evolution of habitability: Characteristics of habitable planets

Part 11. Intelligent life in space: History, philosophy, and SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence).

11.1 Mind in universe: On the origin, evolution, and distribution of intelligent life in space 11.2 Where are they? Implications of the Drake equation and the Fermi paradox 11.3 SETI, its goals and accomplishments 11.4 Humanistic implications of discovering life beyond Earth

Part 12. Exoplanets. Exploration of Solar System. Search for extraterrestrial life in our Solar System. Planetary protection.

12.1 Exoplanets: Methods for their detection and their habitability potential 12.2 Solar System exploration: Small bodies and their chemical and physical conditions 12.3 Solar System exploration: Icy Moons and their habitability 12.4 Searching for extraterrestrial life in our Solar System 12.5 Planetary protection

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• Biologia molecular
• Ciências da vida: temas gerais
• Geoquímica
• Astrofísica

Fatty Acid Vesicles;Volcanogenic Massive Sulphide Deposit;Life in the universe;Molecule ATP;Life on Earth;Deep Eutectic Solvents;Extraterrestrial life;Energy Source;SETI;Hammerhead Ribozyme;Astrochemistry;Protoplanetary Disk;Prebiotic chemistry;RNA World;David J. Des Marais;Interplanetary Dust Particles;Bruce W. Fouke;Carbonaceous Chondrite;Kyle W. Fouke;National Academy;Tom Murphy;Colleen N. Cook;RNA World Hypothesis;Bruce F. Michelson;Prebiotic Syntheses;Joseph L. Cross;Hydrothermal Vent;Lizanne DeStefano;White Dwarfs;Glenn A. Fried;Kaapvaal Craton;Killivalavan Solai;Murchison Meteorite;Jacalyn Wittmer Malinowsky;Pilbara Craton;Susan B. Kelly;Greenstone Belt;Erin Louer;Anoxygenic Phototrophs;Courtney C. Fenlon;Host Star;Nicholas P. Vasi;Horizontal Gene Transfer;Adrienne M. Gulley;Hydrothermal Systems;Mayandi Sivaguru;Passerini Reaction;Sun Kwok;Daniella Scalice;Benton C. Clark;Daniel G. Gibson;Clyde A. Hutchison;Hamilton O. Smith;J. Craig Venter;Guenther Witzany;Iris Fry;Michael Ruse;Stephane Tirard;Lucy M. Ziurys;Zita Martins;Clark M. Johnson;Martin J. Van Kranendonk;James F. Kasting;Juli Peret;Peter Strazewski;Sankar Chatterjee;Maria Colin-Garcia;Saul Villafane-Barajas;Antoni Camprubi;Fernando Ortega-Gutierrez;Alicia Negrn-Mendoza;Kenso Soai;Arimasa Matsumoto;Tsuneomi Kawasaki;Alan W. Schwartz;Carolyn Lang;Jennifer Lago;Matthew A. Pasek;Joseph B. Lambert;Eric J. Hayden;Niles Lehman;Peter J. Unrau;Paul G. Higgs;Jessica C. Bowman;Anton S. Petrov;Loren Dean Williams;Jan J. Spitzer;Punam Dalai;Nita Sahai;Johann Peter Gogarten;R. Thane Papke;Luis P. Villarreal;Frank Ryan;Shelby L. Jones;Elizabeth M. Smith;Kaitlyn E. Fouke;Claudia C. Lutz;Kenichiro Sugitani;Howell G.M. Edwards;Frances Westall;Keyron Hickman-Lewis;Aharon Oren;Kasthuri Venkateswaran;Marilyn J. Roossinck;Charles H. Lineweaver;Aditya Chopra;Sarah R. N. McIntyre;David Duner;Nikos Prantzos;Eric J. Korpela;Steven J. Dick;Ken Rice;Hikaru Yabuta;Steven D. Vance;Catharine A. Conley